These are highly dramatic, earthy Italian realist operas from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as exemplified in particular by Puccini's La Bohème, Madama Butterfly, and Tosca; and also by the popular double-bill Cav & Pag (Cavalleria Rusticana by Mascagni and Pagliacci by Leoncavallo. Another well-known example is Giordano's Fedora.